Interview

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Interview with Lior Yaffe: Co-founder & Lead Developer at Ardor

Review

<p>Blockchain as a service (BaaS) is an increasingly popular area, and one of the pioneers is Ardor. They are working to provide businesses with the blockchain infrastructure needed to leverage the benefits of <a href="https://{MIGRATED_DOMAIN}/education/what-is-blockchain-technology/">blockchain technology</a>, without bearing the time and cost of developing their own custom blockchain solutions.</p><p>Ardor accomplishes this by giving businesses a main chain that handles security and decentralization, combined with child chains that can be used for a variety of business applications.</p><p>Ardor was created by the same team that developed the <a href="https://nxtplatform.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nxt blockchain</a>, and is known in some circles as Nxt 2.0. Ardor solves some of the critical problems that Nxt suffered from, including issues of scalability, blockchain bloat and customization.</p><p>The remainder of this article takes a deeper look at Ardor, its beginnings in Nxt, and the first child chain project called Ignis. There is great hope that the Ardor project will create a new level of usability for blockchain as a service.</p><p>Yet, the success of Ardor may depend highly on how much traction the development team can generate for the project. Nxt and Ardor have both failed to generate much buzz, although Nxt was able to secure significant partnerships with Accenture and BNP Paribas.</p><h2>First there was Nxt</h2><p>Before tackling <a href="https://www.ardorplatform.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ardor</a>, it’s important to understand how Nxt contributed to the creation of Ardor. As I mentioned above, Ardor has been called Nxt 2.0, primarily because it relies heavily on the Nxt core programming. Ardor was developed with all the features included in Nxt, plus new advanced features of its own.</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://img.coinbureau.dev/strapi/2018/08/nxtCoinOverview.jpg" alt="NXT Platform overview"><figcaption><i>Overview of the NXT Platform. Source: </i><a href="https://nxtplatform.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><i>NXT Platform</i></a></figcaption></figure><p>Nxt was begun all the way back in 2013 and was one of the very first ICOs. It would have been considered a pretty poor ICO by today’s standards, having raised just $6,000, but that didn’t deter the Nxt developers from continuing with their vision.</p><p>Nxt was pretty groundbreaking at the time, being one of the first to build its own blockchain from scratch rather than basing the programming on Bitcoin core. Nxt is an open-source project, is written in Javam and was the first blockchain to use <a href="https://{MIGRATED_DOMAIN}/education/comprehensive-guide-pos-mining/">Proof-of-Stake</a> (PoS) as its consensus mechanism.</p><p>One of the primary reasons for Nxt was to encourage experimentation. It allowed companies to use its API to implement their own blockchain solutions on top of the Nxt blockchain. There were various functions built right in and available as soon as a new token is created. These include blockchain voting, trading, asset creation and marketplace creation. Nxt wants to make it simple for businesses to create new tokens that have utility right out of the box.</p><h2>Nxt Problems</h2><p>With a long history of development, Nxt has become a highly respected and established blockchain project. However, the developers realize that as blockchain usage increases, Nxt and other blockchains will face some critical problems with scalability, customization and payments. Let’s look closer at these basic issues.</p><h3>Native Token Requirement</h3><p>The most straightforward problem is the use of native tokens to pay transaction fees. Because Nxt uses a forging Proof-of-Stake protocol there are no new tokens being created. Instead, the forgers who are verifying blocks receive a portion of the network transaction fees.</p><p>For this to work the transaction fees must be paid in Nxt. This is true even if a new currency has been created that’s independent of Nxt. The new blockchain owner still needs to own Nxt to pay transaction fees, and this dilutes the value of their own currency. This is also true for <a href="https://{MIGRATED_DOMAIN}/education/what-is-ethereum/">Ethereum’s</a> ERC-20 protocol, with fees on that network being paid in Ether.</p><h3>The Bloated Blockchain</h3><figure class="image"><img src="https://img.coinbureau.dev/strapi/2018/08/bloatedBlockchainNXT.jpg" alt="NTX Bloated Blockchain"><figcaption><i>Bloated Blockchains. Image via Fotolia</i></figcaption></figure><p>As blockchains become longer and more heavily used nearly all, including Nxt, are experiencing some degree of blockchain bloat. The origin of this bloat is the need to download and store the entire blockchain to run a network node. As the height of the blockchain increases this becomes increasingly more difficult.</p><p>Soon a node operator might need to download and store terabytes of transaction data. Obviously this creates a huge disincentive to new node creation. Nxt has implemented some information pruning measures, but even with that the current system of downloading the entire blockchain isn’t sustainable long-term.</p><h3>Customization Issues</h3><p>When you have a blockchain as a service solution that encourages businesses to create new assets and customize their version of the blockchain it creates issues with maintenance of all these customized systems. It’s easy enough to close the Nxt blockchain, but that would also require new servers and ongoing maintenance to keep the customized blockchain running properly.</p><p>And even with a close tab kept on the cloned systems, they will still lag behind in security and software updates. It would simply be far too resource intensive for Nxt to continue supporting customized solutions.</p><h2>How Ardor is Solving Nxt Problems</h2><p>Every feature that Nxt supports was also included in Ardor, but there was a key change made with the way Ardor implements new blockchains. Ardor creates multiple chains, called child chains, that allow functionality to be separated from security. That means the Ardor main chain can be slimmed down and built exclusively for security and speed.</p><p>Each new project implemented on Ardor creates a separate child chain. These child chains contain all the functionality and customization that was supported by Nxt, but it gets its security and decentralization from the Ardor main chain.</p><p>This architecture allows new chains to be implemented very rapidly, in matters of hours or even minutes. Because the Ardor main chain already has the infrastructure for security and decentralization, the child chains are quickly developed to handle custom use cases. Because they are still on the same platform they can use the security, speed and decentralization of the main chain.</p><figure class="image"><a href="https://{MIGRATED_DOMAIN}/out/hit-btc"><img src="https://img.coinbureau.dev/strapi/2018/08/hitbtcARDRBanner.jpg" alt="HitBTC ARDR"></a><figcaption><i>Register at HitBTC and Buy ARDR Tokens</i></figcaption></figure><p>Blockchain bloat has been addressed by Ardor as well. It uses a new transaction pruning system that will eventually mean that each node no longer needs to keep a complete copy of the blockchain transactions. Instead the nodes will be able to maintain just the recent transaction history. This will be made possible by the use of archival nodes that will maintain the complete transaction history to be drawn on only if needed.</p><p>Finally, Ardor has tackled the native token problem by creating a system of bundlers. These will be network nodes that accept payments in the child chain tokens and then convert the payments to ARDR to pay the Ardor forgers. In essence they will be an on-chain exchange. This will allow each child chain to pay in its own currency.</p><p>There’s actually no need for users to even be aware of the existence of Ardor, since its features all work in the background. It’s just this, the unsexy business of infrastructure development, that keeps Ardor from generating much buzz. That aside, Ardor could provide a foundation for an endless variety of blockchain applications, providing it can gain some traction.</p><h2>The First Child Chain: Ignis</h2><p>The advanced features and functionality available on the time-tested Nxt blockchain were implemented on the public and permissionless Ignis child chain on 01 January 2018. Ignis offers over 250 APIs that compete with market leaders like Ethereum and Stellar, allowing anyone to launch dApps, KYC/AML compliant STOs, and blockchain services.</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://img.coinbureau.dev/strapi/2018/08/ignisCoinOverview.jpg" alt="Ignis Side Chain Ardor"><figcaption><i>Ignis Child Chain. Image via Ardor</i></figcaption></figure><p>The Ignis chain includes features such as issuing and trading digital assets on the built-in decentralized exchange, launching voting systems, app creation through arbitrary messaging, sending private transactions, and distributed cloud storage. The potential use cases of these features are further expanded by revolutionary offerings such as lightweight contracts, account and asset controls, and composite phased transactions.</p><p>Ignis transactions are “bundled” and validated by the Ardor parent chain’s proof of stake consensus. Bundlers can be run by anyone and they are nodes that collect transaction fees in the native child chain token, IGNIS, while paying with ARDR tokens to send the child chain transactions for validation on the parent chain.</p><p>Five custom bundler templates are built-in to the platform to enable app and service owners to sponsor the transaction fees for only their intended end-users, eliminating the need for users to directly interface with the blockchain.</p><p>The Ignis ICO raised $15 million in 2017 to fund the project’s development. For businesses wishing to customize these functionalities, such as eliminating private transactions, a custom child chain can be launched that leverages the Ardor parent chain’s decentralized security.</p><p>Future child chains on Ardor could accomplish many different functions. In fact, any of the services being developed by other blockchains could all be bundled into the Ardor blockchain as child chains. Ardor child chains could be used to create equity trading platforms, digital file transfer services, private enterprise blockchain applications, and many more use cases.</p><p>Ardor offers massive customization options and quick setup, which makes it ideal for companies looking to leverage blockchain technology without committing excessive time and money to developing a custom blockchain of their own.</p><h2>The Ardor Team</h2><p>Ardor, Nxt and Ignis are all projects owned by the private company <a href="https://www.jelurida.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jelurida</a>. Having its beginnings in the creation of Nxt in 2013, the Jelurida team is one of the most experienced blockchain developers in the world. The team has numerous software engineers who now have more than five years working with the Nxt, Ardor and Ignis platforms.</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://img.coinbureau.dev/strapi/2018/08/ardorTeam.jpg" alt="Jelurida Team Members"><figcaption><i>Jelurida team members. Source: Jelurida</i></figcaption></figure><p>There’s also a legal expert on the team who handles all the legal implications of blockchain and open-source applications. Such a long-term commitment from the Jelurida team is a good sign for the future.</p><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>While they aren’t getting much attention, the Ardor team is doing very important work in creating new ways to leverage blockchain infrastructure to solve problems of security, speed, scalability and bloat. If their plans work as expected the Ardor platform could result in a solution that allows any size business to take advantage of blockchain technology.</p><p>Accepting network transaction fees in child tokens may seem like the ARDR tokens will become little more than operational tokens, but remember that the bundlers will work as exchanges, which should provide liquidity for ARDR and support the price of the token.</p><p>Recently the price of ARDR bounced after <a href="https://{MIGRATED_DOMAIN}/review/binance/">Binance</a> listed the coin on July 18. That shows some support behind the project, but the team behind Ardor really needs to generate more buzz and excitement around the project if they expect to gain adoption and partnerships.</p>